Bacteria

Microorganisms that are a few micrometers in size and various shapes including filaments, spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), corkscrews (vibrios), and helices (spirilla).

Only a small fraction of bacteria cause disease in humans. They are one of the main causes of human illness and mortality, causing infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, food poisoning, leprosy and tuberculosis.

Fluids and excrement

Those materials of human, animal or vegetable origin consisting, among other things, of excreta, secretions, blood and its components, tissues and tissue fluids, which contain microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, among others.

The consequences for human health depend on the microorganisms that contain the fluid or excrement, and can even cause death.

Mushrooms

Fungi Group of eukaryotic organisms including molds, yeasts and mushrooms.

They can infect humans causing diseases such as athlete’s foot, sores, and disorders of the internal balance of the human body.

Bites

Situation generated by animals such as snakes, dogs, cats and monkeys among others. The problem with these types of injuries is not the wound they cause, but the serious infection they can trigger.

The consequences for human health will depend on the animal species in question and its health status, the size and health status of the bite victim, and the ability to access appropriate health care.

Parasites

Type of symbiosis in which there is a close relationship in which one of the participants (the parasite or host) depends on the other (host or host) and obtains some benefit; which implies damage to the host.

They cause diseases such as malaria, African trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, among others.

Sting

The stings are small puncture wounds produced mainly by insects, arthropods and marine animals through which they inject toxic substances that act locally and systematically (throughout the body) according to the class of causative agent, the amount of toxic and organic response.

They can produce from allergic reactions to death.

Rickettsiae

Small bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria.

Depending on the distribution of the rickettsiae, interstitial pneumonitis, myopericarditis, cutaneous vasculitic lesions, lymphocytic meningitis, as well as liver, kidney and gastrointestinal involvement can occur.

Virus

Microscopic infectious agent that can only multiply within the cells of other organisms.
Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants, to bacteria and archaea.

Examples of common human illnesses caused by viruses include colds, flu, chickenpox, and herpes simplex. Just as serious diseases such as Ebola, AIDS, bird flu and SARS are caused by viruses.

Effort

The effort that the worker has to make to carry out the work activity is called “workload”. When the workload exceeds the worker’s capacity, overloads and fatigue can occur.

Skeletal muscle injuries.

Cargo handling

Any manipulation that includes lifting, lowering, transporting, pulling or pushing heavy objects.

Skeletal muscle injuries.

Repetitive motion

Group of continuous movements maintained during a job that involves the joint action of the muscles, bones, joints and nerves of a part of the body and causes muscle fatigue, overload, pain and, finally, injury in this same area.

Skeletal muscle injuries.

Postures

Prolonged posture: Maintenance of the same main posture throughout 75% of the working day. (Digital work).
Maintained posture: Refers to the maintenance of the same sitting or bipedal posture for a period of 2 or more hours, (squatting or kneeling postures).
Forced posture: Work position that implies that the body stops being in a comfortable position to move to a forced position that may involve hyperextensions, hyperflexions and/or hyperrotations.
Antigravitational posture: Positioning of the trunk or limbs against gravity.

Conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, scoliosis, and cumulative trauma injuries are common.

Traffic accidents

Situations that can cause injuries to people in which vehicles are involved.

Work accidents with the potential to cause the death of the person.

Electric

It refers to the electrical systems of the machines, equipment, tools and locative installations in general, which conduct or generate electrical energy.

They can cause, among other injuries, burns, shock, ventricular fibrillation, depending on the intensity of the current and the contact time.

Confined spaces

Confinados Se refiere a los riesgos asociados a la labor que se realiza en un espacio que por su diseño tiene un número limitado de aberturas de entrada y salida, cuenta con una ventilación natural desfavorable que podría contener o generar peligrosos contaminantes del aire, y no está destinado para una presencia continua de empleados.

Work accidents with the potential to cause the death of the person.

Locative

It refers to the characteristics of design, construction, maintenance and deterioration of the locative facilities which can cause injuries to the workers or inconveniences to carry out the work.

Trips, slips, falls, blows due to collision with equipment, desks, machines and others, cuts, infections, allergies, bites, etc., due to lack of order and cleanliness.

Mechanic

It contemplates all the factors present in objects, machines, equipment, tools, which can cause occupational accidents, due to lack of preventive and/or corrective maintenance, lack of security guards in the power transmission system, point of operation and moving parts and projections, lack of work tools and personal protection elements.

Lacerations, crushing, amputations, entry of foreign bodies into the ocular pathway, trauma, burns and in some cases death.

Public

Risk factor derived from situations of intentional aggression of human beings against human beings, against private interests of people, or against some communities (criminal acts), and in which workers are directly or indirectly involved, and that produce injuries causing temporary or permanent disability. Public risk considers situations such as robberies, robberies, assaults, attacks, public order, etc.

Work accidents with the potential to cause the death of the person.

Work at heights

It refers to the risks generated by any activity carried out more than one meter and fifty centimeters (1.5m) above ground level, whether negative or positive.

Work accidents with the potential to cause the death of the person.

Lightning

Amount of luminosity present in the workplace of the collaborators whose purpose is to facilitate the visualization of the objects and the work area. The higher the precision required, the greater the need for lighting.

Visual fatigue, eye discomfort, heavy eyes, itching, need to rub the eyes, drowsiness. Visual disturbances. Blurring, decreased visual ability. Mental fatigue headaches, dizziness, anxiety. glare.

Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted by air on the earth’s surface. At high or low altitudes with respect to sea level, harmful effects can be produced on the health of collaborators.

High or low atmospheric pressures can affect the ear, sinuses, and lungs. Typical diseases caused by atmospheric pressure are barotitis, barosinusitis and some lung conditions.

Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. The largest human exposure to radiation comes from man-made sources ranging from nuclear power generation to the medical use of radiation for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of long-term effects, such as cancer. When radiation doses exceed certain levels, they can have acute health effects, such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome.

Non-ionizing radiation

Non-ionizing radiation is all energy in the form of waves that propagate through space. Some examples of non-ionizing radiation are ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, radio frequency and microwave fields, extremely low frequency fields, and static electric and magnetic fields.

They produce biological effects, such as heating, altering chemical reactions, or inducing electrical currents in tissues and cells. Continuous exposure can cause cancer.

Noise

The sound is produced by the vibration of bodies or molecules and depending on the intensity, the frequency or the timbre can become generally annoying noise. This sound pressure is measured in decibels and is emitted by machines, equipment or elements of the environment.
Impact Noise: Is one in which there are rapid variations of a sound pressure level in shorter time intervals. Example: the one produced by stampers.
Intermittent Noise: Is one in which abrupt and sudden rises in sound intensity occur periodically. Example: driving a drill.
Continuous Noise: Is one whose sound pressure levels do not present oscillations and remain relatively constant over time. Example: noise from an electric motor.

In general, after 100 db, the noise causes discomfort, between 130 db and 160 db the noise becomes unbearable and after 160 db it can cause damage to the auditory system. Continuous exposure to noise can cause hearing loss, a condition known as hearing loss.

Temperaturas extremas

It refers to the extreme temperature changes (very high or very low) that are generated in the collaborator’s environment, which are manifested in the air and in the bodies in the form of heat, in a gradation that fluctuates between hot and cold.

Heat: Systemic psychoneurotic disorders, cramps, skin disorders, rash and burns.
Cold: Malaise, decreased manual dexterity, freezing of limbs, bizarre behavior, death from heart failure.

Vibration

Propagation of elastic waves, which produce deformations and stresses on a continuous medium or equilibrium point. It is generated in the presence of machines in constant movement or with the use of drilling tools such as drills.

Depending on the frequency of the oscillatory movement, and its intensity, the vibration can cause very diverse sensations that range from simple discomfort to serious changes in health, including interference with the work of certain tasks such as reading, loss of pressure when executing movements, or loss of performance due to fatigue.

Fibers

Elongated particles whose length is several times greater than the diameter. Respirable fibers pose a risk to the respiratory system.

They produce from respiratory problems to carcinogenic problems.

Metallic and non-metallic fumes

Aerosols formed by condensation of vapors of substances that are solid at ordinary temperature and pressure. One of the most common fumes is that produced by the smelting of metals.

It depends on the chemical agent.

Liquids (mists and sprays)

Fine droplets floating in the air which have been formed by a condensation of the gaseous state disintegrating a liquid or by atomization, dew or foaming.

It depends on the chemical agent.

Material particulado

Heterogeneous mixture of particles of different sizes and chemical composition. It is considered one of the most important air pollutants in terms of its possible effects on human health.

Afecciones respiratorias y cardíacas.

Organic and inorganic powders

Fine solid material, organic or inorganic, capable of producing diseases that are grouped under the generic name of pneumoconiosis.

Toxic particles: acute or chronic poisoning.
Allergic powders: asthma, fever, dermatitis among others.
Inert powders: decreased breathing capacity.
Fibrogenic dusts: pulmonary fibrosis or pneumoconiosis.

Gases and vapors

Substances in gaseous form that are normally in a liquid or solid state and that can be returned to their original state by increasing pressure or decreasing temperature.

It depends on the chemical agent.